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            <h1 style="display: none">【JAVA】JDK新特效-Optional类方法学习及实战练习</h1>
            
              <p class="note note-info">
                
                  本文最后更新于：2023年2月10日 上午
                
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            <div class="markdown-body">
              <p>主要包括JDK8新特性Optional类方法介绍及方法的实战练习</p>
<span id="more"></span>
<h4 id="Optional类介绍"><a href="#Optional类介绍" class="headerlink" title="Optional类介绍"></a>Optional类介绍</h4><p>Optional类可能包含或不包含非空值的容器对象。 如果一个值存在， isPresent()将返回true和get()将返回值。<br>提供依赖于存在或不存在包含值的其他方法，例如orElse() （如果值不存在则返回默认值）和ifPresent() （如果值存在则执行代码块）。</p>
<h4 id="Optional类提供的方法介绍"><a href="#Optional类提供的方法介绍" class="headerlink" title="Optional类提供的方法介绍"></a>Optional类提供的方法介绍</h4><ul>
<li><p><code>Empty</code> 创建一个空的Optional</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>of</code>如果为null会直接报空指针</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>ofNullable</code>如果为null会继续执行，不影响程序</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>filter </code>如果一个值存在，并且该值给定的谓词相匹配时，返回一个 Optional描述的值，否则返回一个空的 Optional 。</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>flatMap</code> 如果一个值存在，应用提供的 Optional映射函数给它，返回该结果，否则返回一个空的 Optional 。 </p>
</li>
<li><p><code>orElse</code>返回值如果存在，否则返回 other 。 </p>
</li>
<li><p><code>orElseGet</code> 如果存在该值，返回值， 否则触发 other，并返回 other 调用的结果。</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>orElseThrow</code> 如果存在该值，返回包含的值，否则抛出由 Supplier 继承的异常</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>isPresent</code> 返回 true如果存在值，否则为 false 。</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>ifPresent</code> 如果存在值，则使用该值调用指定的消费者，否则不执行任何操作。</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>get</code> 如果 Optional中有一个值，返回值，否则抛出 NoSuchElementException 。</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>equals</code> 指示某个其他对象是否等于此可选项。 </p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="练习"><a href="#练习" class="headerlink" title="练习"></a>练习</h4><h5 id="示例代码"><a href="#示例代码" class="headerlink" title="示例代码"></a>示例代码</h5><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">OptionalTest</span> </span>&#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> GeneralSecurityException </span>&#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//1.Empty 创建一个空的Optional</span><br>        Optional&lt;String&gt; empty=Optional.empty();<br>        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;empty: &quot;</span>+empty.isPresent());<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//2.of如果为null会直接报空指针;ofNullable如果为null会继续执行，不影响程序</span><br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//Optional&lt;String&gt; optionalString=Optional.of(null);</span><br>        Optional&lt;String&gt; optionalString2=Optional.ofNullable(<span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>);<br>        Optional&lt;User&gt; optionalUser=Optional.ofNullable(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> User(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;123&quot;</span>,<span class="hljs-string">&quot;张三&quot;</span>));<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//3.filter 如果一个值存在，并且该值给定的谓词相匹配时，返回一个 Optional描述的值，否则返回一个空的 Optional 。 </span><br>        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;filter: &quot;</span>+optionalUser.filter(o -&gt; o.getName().equals(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;张三&quot;</span>)).map(User::getId).get());<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//4.flatMap 如果一个值存在，应用提供的 Optional映射函数给它，返回该结果，否则返回一个空的 Optional 。 </span><br>        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;flatMap: &quot;</span>+optionalUser.flatMap(OptionalTest::getFlatMap));<br>         <span class="hljs-comment">//5.orElse 返回值如果存在，否则返回 other  。</span><br>        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;orElse: &quot;</span>+optionalUser.map(o-&gt;o.getId()).map(id-&gt;id.toUpperCase()).orElse(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;123&quot;</span>));<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//6.orElseGet 如果存在该值，返回值， 否则触发 other，并返回 other 调用的结果。</span><br>        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;orElseGet: &quot;</span>+optionalUser.map(o-&gt;o.getId()).map(id-&gt;id.toUpperCase()).orElseGet(()-&gt;<span class="hljs-string">&quot;暂无数据&quot;</span>));<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//7.orElseThrow 如果存在该值，返回包含的值，否则抛出由 Supplier 继承的异常</span><br>        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;orElseThrow: &quot;</span>+optionalUser.map(o-&gt;o.getId()).map(id-&gt;id.toUpperCase()).orElseThrow(GeneralSecurityException::<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span>));<br><br>        Optional&lt;User&gt; optionalUser1=Optional.of(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> User(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;123&quot;</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>));<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//8.isPresent 返回 true如果存在值，否则为 false 。</span><br>        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;isPresent: &quot;</span>+optionalUser1.isPresent());<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//9.ifPresent 如果存在值，则使用该值调用指定的消费者，否则不执行任何操作。</span><br>        System.out.print(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;ifPresent: &quot;</span>);<br>        optionalUser1.ifPresent(o-&gt; System.out.println(o.getName()));<br><span class="hljs-comment">//        ifPresent判断当前数据是否为空，为空的会直接报空指针</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">//        optionalUser1.ifPresent(o-&gt;o.getName().equals(&quot;z行数&quot;));</span><br><br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//10.get 如果 Optional中有一个值，返回值，否则抛出 NoSuchElementException 。</span><br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//11.equals 指示某个其他对象是否等于此可选项。 </span><br>        Optional&lt;User&gt; optionalUser2 = Optional.of(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> User(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;23&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;张三&quot;</span>));<br>        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;equals: &quot;</span>+optionalUser2.map(User::getName).map(o-&gt;o.equals(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;张三&quot;</span>)).get());<br>    &#125;<br>    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span>  <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> Optional&lt;User&gt; <span class="hljs-title">getFlatMap</span><span class="hljs-params">(User user)</span></span>&#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> Optional.ofNullable(user);<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;<br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h5 id="输出结果"><a href="#输出结果" class="headerlink" title="输出结果"></a>输出结果</h5><figure class="highlight less"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs less">empty: false<br><span class="hljs-attribute">filter</span>: <span class="hljs-number">123</span><br><span class="hljs-attribute">flatMap</span>: Optional[com.test.java.User<span class="hljs-variable">@1d81eb93</span>]<br><span class="hljs-attribute">orElse</span>: <span class="hljs-number">123</span><br><span class="hljs-attribute">orElseGet</span>: <span class="hljs-number">123</span><br><span class="hljs-attribute">orElseThrow</span>: <span class="hljs-number">123</span><br><span class="hljs-attribute">isPresent</span>: true<br><span class="hljs-attribute">ifPresent</span>: null<br><span class="hljs-attribute">equals</span>: true<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


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